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In general, the westerly wind increases associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation lead to increased tropical cyclogenesis in all tropical cyclone basins . As the oscillation propagates from west to east, it leads to an eastward march in tropical cyclogenesis with time during that hemisphere's summer season. [ 25 ] On average, twice per year twin tropical cyclones will form in the western Pacific Ocean, near the 5th parallel north and the 5th parallel south , along the same meridian, or line of longitude. [ 26 ] There is an inverse relationship between tropical cyclone activity in the western Pacific basin and the North Atlantic basin, however. When one basin is active, the other is normally quiet, and vice versa. The main reason for this appears to be the phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation, or MJO, which is normally in opposite modes between the two basins at any given time. [ 27 ]
If these forces meet more than 300 miles away from the equator, an additional force comes into play. The Coriolis force , which is caused by the rotation of the Earth, will cause the storm's rotation to intensify. It also causes the storm to appear to take a path that curves to the right as it moves. In reality, the storm is moving south while the Earth rotates underneath it.
Typhoons weaken and eventually dissipate when they encounter cooler water or land, which cuts off their energy supply. As the storm loses its source of warm water, the low-pressure system breaks down and the winds die, often reducing the typhoon to a tropical storm. Despite weakening, these storms can still cause heavy rainfall, floods and landslides, particularly in vulnerable areas.
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Tropical cyclones are known by multiple names. In the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern North Pacific, these storms are called hurricanes. In the western North Pacific, they are referred to as typhoons. In the western South Pacific and the Indian Ocean, they are variously referred to as severe tropical cyclones, tropical cyclones, or, simply, cyclones.
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